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考研英语写作技巧
短文写作是语法语境、短语词汇及认识表达等融为一体的语言能力训练。要想在40分钟内现场写出高质量的短文,除了要有较好的语言基础,还要注意掌握一定的应试技巧,多思考,勤实践,做到举一反三,以不变应万变。尽管写作的题目可以千变万化,但只要熟悉了写作套路、方法和技巧,任何题目都可根据内容归人一定的模式。
I常见的写作模式
虽然文章无定式,但在长期的书面表达中人们还是总结出一些约定俗成的写作方法。本章节是在参考大量国外写作材料的基础上写成的,经多年实践颇见成效,使不同程度的考生均能通过短期训练得到较大提高。因此只要在运用中认真领会,掌握规律,一定会大受裨益。
考试的内容可以千变万化,但写作框架却相对模式化。如果考生分别掌握开头、中间、结尾段的表达方法,即做到大模块在握,再熟记一些常用套句、主题句的固定表达,就会稳扎稳打,为考试做好充分准备。
为了便于边学边练,立见成效,本部分分三步讲解:
第一步:展示模式,使框架内容一目了然。
第二步:试题举例,用实践模式来说明用法。
第三步:模拟练习,通过实际训练使写作水平得以稳步提高。
Introduction:
present situation / background information / thesis statementBody:
topic sentence_____________________________
supporting details:examples / facts / evidence / statistics / physical description / personal experience
conclusion:
short summary:
predictionopinion
suggestionpreference
solutionrecommendation
implicationcall for action
commentspractice
1992年、1993年及1995年试题均属这种类型。写作时可根据试题选用一项或多项内容。
(二)试题举例
Title:Probleins in Our Gmin Pmduction
Opening sentence:With the rapid growth of our economy,we do not worry about food shortage anymore.
Outline:
1.Present situation for grain production.
2.Diseussion of the problems with specific details.
3.Summary and prediction.
参考范文:
Pronblems in Our Grain Production
with the rapid growth of our economy, we do not worry about food shortages. But can we grow much more grain to feed our growing population? Based on extensive rescarch, agricultural experts warn that grain
production will decrease considerably wordwide for the next ten years. The situation is more serious in China.
There are at least three major problems in grain production. First, our farmland shrinks rapidly because of the construction of factories, apartments, golf coureses, shopping malls and graveyards. Moreover, peasants are eager to produce tobacco or flowers to get higher profits. Second, shortage of water often result in poor harvests because the rapid expansion of cities and towns uses up most of the water resources. In most dry provinces, a mild drought may cause poor or no harvest. Finally, since their life in rural areas is a perpetual struggle against poverty, millions of young peasants rush to cities for easier jobs and leave fertile fields to lie wasted.
In summary, lack of manpower, shortage of water and decrease of famrland are the major problems to be solved. With only 7% of farmland, we already produce enough food for 22% of the world population If we focus our attention on the solution of these problems, we will ensure that everyone has enough to eat.
根据提纲得知本文可按所给顺序写成三段。
第一段:说明当前粮食生产的状况。这种以present situation为开头段的段落,通常试题给出的opening sentence并不要求是topic sentence。
这类短文的开头段属概述型,可采用的方法为概括一分析一总结。考生在第一段只需续写开头句,概括介绍当前的状况并点明文章主题即可。
第二段:即body paragraph,给出主题句:“There are at least three majorproblems in grain production”,然后运用事实(facts)借助first,second,finally这些连接信号词形成模块依次具体说明主题句中的three major problems。
第三段:按照提纲要求,先总结前面的内容,给出short summary,然后做了prediction。
(三)模拟练习(略)
二、写作模式2
(一)展示模式(以下表格见附样格式)
introduction:
topic sentence_____________supporting details______thesis statement body:
topic sentence(major point one)______supporting details;
topic sentence(supporting) supporting details.
conclusion:
Short summary
(二)试题举例
Title:Somc Fire Hazards around Us
Opening sentence:Fires can be disastrous in our lives.
Outline:
1.Damage of fires.
2.Possible causes of fires:
1)Carelessness,
2)Unsafe electrical parts.
3.My comments.
参考范文:
Some Fire Hazards Around Us
Fires can be disastrous in our lives.In the shocking fire in
Kelamayi,hundreds of people were killed or injured; most of them were children.The big firs occurring recently have revealed that there still exist too many fire hazards around us.
Carelessness is a leading cause of fires.One kind of carelessness is simply the mishandling of small flames.Throwing a burning match or cigarette butts into a wastebasket,placing a lighted candle near
curtains,playing with fireworks,or failing to screen a flaming fire are foolish things to do.Another type of carelessness is the misuse of flammable liquids.Using gasoline to clean clothes in the house may lead to abad fere.
Another fire hazard is the use of equipment with unsafe electical parts.A worn or broken power cord,a damaged outlet,or wires which become overheated when trying to supply enough power for too many appliances should be replaced.
Therefore,the abuse of electrical devices and personal negligence are the main hazards.Prevention is better than cure.If all these hidden fire hazards are completely removed and all possible precautions are taken against fire,no fires may occur anymore.
本文开头段属段首主题句型:可采用的写法为:主题句一扩展句一结尾句;可把提纲提示分三段(或四段)来写作。因中间段包括carelessness和unsafe electrical parts两部分内容,可以把它们统一在一个自然段中,亦可分二段分别表达。
模式2适合这种开头便给出关键词的短文,一般所给出的opening sentence就是第一段的主题句。这篇短文提纲第一部分要求考生写出damage of fires,其中damage就是一个关键词,可直接采用,也可作为主题内容体现在段首的主题句中,然后在段落中用细节进一步解释与说明,不能只泛泛采用概括介绍的写法。如Fire can be disastrous in our lives中的disastrous就体现了提纲中的含义,但尚需具体说明。文中随后用事实举例,证明火灾确实是人们生活中的灾害。第一段举例说明主题句后,在段尾引出限制主题句“?there still exist too many fire hazards around us。
第二段主题句Carelessness is a leading cause of fires指出了造成火灾的第一个原因。第三段主题句Another fire hazard is the use of equipment with unsafe electrical parts说明了火灾隐患的另一主要原因。结尾进行总结并写出comments。
中间段视要点多少可分为一段或几段;有时在段首句作文中还会出现开头、中间、结尾段全以topic sentence的形式开首,因此具体写法还需认真审题,根据题目要求决定。(此种类型的作文可参看附录1中1991年、1994年、1996年试题)
(三)模拟练习(略)
三、写作模式3
(一)展示模式(以下表格见附样格式)
general inlroduclory remarks: introduction;narrow controlling idea.→body:topic sentence______supporting details(examples, reasons or arguments)_____concluding remarks.←
final statement:conclusion;restatement of controlling idea.
无论是前面两种类型还是其他形式的短文都可运用模式3来组织内容。这种模式的特点在于结构紧凑、层次分明。开头段与结尾段彼此紧密呼应。它是英、美、加拿大等国学生所惯用的成文方式之一。通过结尾段对前面内容的简要总结可提醒读者文中所说明的要点(major point one,major point two,etc.)或所提供的主要事例(first,second,etc.)。这种方法尤其适用于三段至五段式短文。
(二)试题举例
Title:Taxi
Outline:
1.Personal expedence.
2.Advantages over buses:
1)Its comfort
2)Its convenience。
3)Its reasonable price,
3.Summary and my comments。
参考范文:
Taxi
Iwell remember the days when my mother sent me to kindergarten by bus every morning.We had to wait for hours until we finally got on board a bus.Being squeezed out of breath like satin in an overcrowded bus,we felt lucky when we saw women with children waiting helplessly at bus stops in heavy rain or bitter cold.Now we have taxi as an alternative,and people like its comfort,convenience and reasonable price.
Taxi is gaining popularity for several reasons.First,traveling in an air conditioned taxi cab is comfortable.Wherever your go,the driver takes care of everything;what you do in just sitting in cozy seats,enjoying yourself in all kinds of weather at any time.Besides,it can save you time and a world of trouble of driving.Second,taxi is convenient,especially in an emergency or on special occasions.For example,if you are suddenly very sick deep at night with nobody to turn to for help in an unfamiliar place,taxi is always available to help you to a hospital.Finally,taxi fare
is affordable.Even you have a car,youhave to pay the bills of
gas,insurance and car maintenance.What is more,the many advantages of a taxi are recognized by more people.
With the rapid improvement of living standards,taxi has become an important means of transportation in China because of its reasonable price,its availability and the comfort it offers.In fact,many people depend on taxe to go to work and almost everyone has the experience of taking a taxi on special occasions.Iam happy for not having buses as the only choice anymore.
本文很好地采取了第三种写作模式。
开头,通过personal experience概括写出以前挤公共汽车的狼狈状况,从而在第一段结尾处引出narrow controlling idea:今天人们可乘出租汽车,而且由于其舒适、方便、价格合理而得到人们的喜爱。
第二段段首为主题句:\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Taxi is gaining popularity for several reasons.下面由过渡词分别依次写出了出租车受欢迎的三个理由,并得出段落小结句:“The many advantages of a taxi ale recognized by more people”。结尾前半部分总结了其三点优势,接着给出final statement,写出自己的评论。
整篇文章首尾呼应,环环相扣,结构明晰而且语言规范,是一篇较好的短文。同时在写作中本文的中间段也采取了如下写法:
Topic sentence + signal word1 + point1 + explanation1
+signal word2+point2+explanation2
+signal word3+point3+explanation3
+concluding sentence
这里topic sentence为主题句;signal word指first,second等这类过渡信号词;point指段落中各层次里的要点,即提纲中的comfort,conve nience等支持主题句的要点;explanation是对各点的具体解释细节。本段的concluding sentence为最后一句话,由What is more引出。
这种写法条理分明,内容可连锁激发,有章可循,有话可写,使文章结构更均衡。这种写法可与国外写作接轨,在托福等要求篇幅较长的作文中更有其优越性。
英语现在越来越重要,学英语不是一蹴而就的,考研英语能否独占鳌头,战果累累,阅读起至关重要的作用。那么接下来给大家分享一些关于考研英语复习技巧,希望对大家有所帮助。
考研英语复习技巧一、考研英语基础的回顾与提高。
很多同学在复习考研英语时,总会割裂英语应试准备和平时英语学习的关系,认为准备考试就一定要重打锣鼓另开张,从头学起。
其实,对于绝大多数已经完成大学英语四个学期的学习,英语阅读和写作能力有一定基础的同学来说。
准备考研英语完全可以从自己大一大二学过的英文教材着手。所谓 温故而知新,在回顾大学英语课程教材的时候。
即使我们做不到知新,预热的效果也能达到。当然,看教材也有窍门,从头到尾,一字不落的通读不一定有很好的效果。
建议大家重点的看主要的课文和课文后的单词。有些练习也可以做做,不要太在意准确率,主要是熟悉下英语行文的方式和文章的篇章结构。
对于自我感觉英语水平不错的同学,回顾大学英语课本的工作可以少占用点时间,而把时间和精力多投入到广泛阅读中去。
如果有同学感觉自己英语水平确实不赖,考研英语的目标在80分以上,那么也可以适当地看点英语原版的小说,来扩充自己的阅读量。
二、考研单词的积累与记忆。
背单词,可能是每个同学在准备一个英语考试的时候都会遇到的问题。很多同学甚至已经把准备考试和背单词之间划上了等号。
当然,套用一句名言一千个英语学习者就有一千种背单词的方法,仅仅在课堂上,老师传授的方法就包括联想法,词根词缀法,谐音法,象形法,等林林总总不下数十种。
那么针对考研英语的单词,我们需要特别注意些什么问题呢?第一,背单词的方法有千种,而最根本的就一条:重复。
一定要在背单词的时候注意,将一个单词放在不同的环境中,不同的背景下,重复出现。一个单词,要在单词书上看它,在阅读文章中理解它。
在例句中掌握它,并在写作中使用它。只有在不同的场景下,看到同一个单词,并能对其核心的意思有个透彻的理解。
我们才能说这个单词我们背下来了。第二,考研英语对于认知单词要求的范围并不广泛。考研大纲中规定的单词不过5500个左右。
近两年来虽然在考试中超纲单词出现的频率有所提高,但基本的单词考察范围并没有太大的变化。
基于这种情况,希望大家在背单词的时候更多的是注重单词的释义与用法,而没有必要记忆一堆生僻的单词。
三、广泛阅读,全面提升。
准备考研英语的同学都知道英语历年真题的重要性。在现阶段,真题的复习和准备是否就要启动呢?这要视具体情况而定。
对于部分动手较早,复习进度较快的同学,练习真题并分析出题思路已经是水到渠成的事情了;而如果你现在才刚刚入手准备考研的英语部分。
不妨先把真题放一放,等到回顾了基础知识并且单词也背的差不多的时候,再来看真题,这时候的效果应该是更好一些。
至于模拟题,不管你目前复习的进度如何,都是没有必要练的。如果有同学觉得自己实在在英语复习方面空闲太多的精力和时间,那么就把过剩的学习热情发泄到广泛阅读英语文章上吧。
考研英语实用阅读理解解题技巧一、浏览题干,概括题干核心信息词
考研阅读每篇文章字数都在400字左右,而文章后面只对应的有五道题,故而题干所涵盖的信息势必是文章中的核心信息,其余的细节信息很少作为考点来考。
因此,浏览题干,概括题干核心信息词,重点关注反复出现的信息词,可以迅速地帮助考生确定全文的中心思想。
以及全文大概的框架结构,从而大大减少了考生看阅读文章时茫然不知所措的压力。
二、精读文章首段
西方人习惯于开门见山,所以,全文开头作者一定会交代全文的主要内容。不过在精读首段时,较高的境界是把注意力集中在作者的思想上。
而不是个别零碎单词上。比如读到but的时候,应该能够预见到下一句的意思与上一句的不同,意思相反。作者重点想表达的想法是在but后。
能够抓住文章的主题及文章的脉络,这样就越读越明白,而不是只见树木,不见森林。因此,在精读首段时,考生需要先明确句子和句子之间的关系,从而找到重点句。
句间关系分为顺承和转折两种类型。顺承关系指的是前后两句之间内容相近或相辅相成,通常包括:因果,解释说明,举例说明,并列,递进等关系。
转折关系一般指的是前后两句之间内容相反,通常由以下转折词连接:however,yet,but,while,nevertheless等。
三、阅读其余各段首句
阅读其余各段首句,理清各段与中心思想之间的关系。
英语文章的逻辑性非常强,每个段落之间都是有很强的逻辑关系的。比如,第一段描述了某种现象,第二段就会针对这个现象分析原因,或者具体阐释这个现象在现实中的体现。
所以,我们一定要透过表明的内容看明白段落和中心思想之间的关系,明白每个段落都不是孤立的,都是和全文主旨有某种逻辑关联。
这比单纯地看懂琐碎的单词、句意更加重要。因为弄明白逻辑关系以后,全文的思路和框架结构就会很清楚,能够准确高效地理解全文内容。
考研阅读答题方法阅读
俗话说得阅读者得天下,四六级毕竟是水平性考察,所以每年的出题都有一定的规律性可言,而且每年的阅读真题中。
词汇的重复率非常高,所以,首先,在做阅读时,一定注意核心重点、重复出现词汇的积累。另外,如何迅速捕捉文章主要意思:
尽量要把文章首段以及每一段的开头的结论句读懂,目的是要找到文章主题以及段落大意,西方人写文章套路很固定,抓住主题可以预测结构。
结构清晰了就基本等于读懂了文章。同时,在主题和结构之外还要关注一些课上经常提到的重要考点比如因果、比较、给建议等等的表达。
耐心总结之后会发现,一篇文章真正重要的考点就十来处,基本上都会被考到,因为每道题往往是不只对应一个考点的。
这样总结的意义在于,面对一篇文章,你会习惯性的去找那些重要的东西来看,节省时间,减少干扰,提高正确率。四级阅读也就是这么个熟练工种。
听力
听力对于大多数考生来说,在考试时基本处于瞎蒙或者放弃的地位。但是,随着四六级的不断改革,听力部分所占比重逐渐加强。
所以,听力的重要性也日益增加。听力水平的提高虽然不是三两天就能解决,但在复习过程中多掌握一些应试技巧,对考生来说无疑是锦上添花。
在最后两个月的冲刺阶段,针对听力部分,考生做到如下步骤,必能在听力部分实现质的突破。
(1) 每天坚持一定时间量的四六级真题训练,保持耳朵每天接触四六级听力的内容。自己对小对话的常考内容和话题应该十分清晰。
对于小短文也可以抓住主要的出题点。复合式听写练习时,单词听写应该没有问题,这时候可以抽空练习长句的听写能力。
听力没听懂的反复听,听到懂了为止,做完核对答案,绝对有提高!但是一定要用心。
(2)注意语篇较长的听力技巧训练。在听较长的语篇时要注意整体的掌握。注意的焦点应当是整个语篇的大意,而不是在个别词语上。
不要强迫听清每一个词,要把重点放在听关键词即实词上,一边听一边把要点及回答问题的关键词记下来。
注意重复的词语,这些词通常会给你一些线索,还会帮你回忆起在题目中听过的人名和事物等名称。注意听短文的首句和首段。
文章的开首和开首段,这些往往是对短文内容的概括,如讲话目的、主要内容、作者、论点、故事发生的时间、地点及事由等。
(3) 答题时学会利用听录音前的时间。答题时学会利用听录音前的时间,迅速地捕捉每个小题题干选项所提供的信息。
预测短文或对话可能涉及到的内容,这样听录音材料时就有的放矢,有所侧重,提高答题的准确率。
翻译
段落翻译,一定要注重练习。在冲刺阶段,保证每天最少练习一篇文章。在练习的过程中,除了积累词汇和短语的表达,最重要的是句式的表达。
积累词家长们在为孩子报儿童英语机构的时候jiangnansuye都会通过一些儿童英语培训机构的简介,来了解到一些基本的信息,从中来参考一下。汇和短语表达时,最好把文章根据话题分类,然后把积累的词汇和表达按不同话题分类整理和归类。
这样在考试的时候,看到某个具体的话题,才能更加有针对性地想起那些词汇和表达。另外,一定要掌握中英差异中常考的句式如何切换。
另外,注意翻译技巧的使用,管用的翻译技巧如下:A.增词;B.减词;C.词类转换;D.语序变换;E.分译与合译;F.语态转换;G.正反表达翻译。
在实践中,注意积累翻译技巧如何实践。在潜移默化中提高自己的翻译能力。
写作
作文的提高,一定要注意练习。一些学生一味地依赖模板句和模板范文,但是,往往在考试的时候发现,费了那么大劲,花了那么多时间背的模板。
却不知道如何运用到实际中。导致最后写出来的文章很僵硬,无法获得高分。所以,在最后两个月的冲刺阶段,学生的时间还相对比较充裕。
一定要保证每周坚持写一篇作文。及时发现自己在写作中存在的问题并解决,从而不断提高自己的写作能力。
另外,还要多注意积累热点话题的词汇和表达,这样考试无论出现哪种话题的文章,都能得心应手,轻松拿下。
考研英语的复习历来是考研复习的关键, 很多同学因为英语不能过关而与研究生生活失之交臂。笔者结合多年的教学经验和的广大同学的实际备考情况,建议大家应在复习时做好如下的几项工作:
工具/原料考研学英语的学习并没有什么特别的诀窍,最重要还是在于自己的坚持和努力!
步骤/方法考研学英语的学习并没有什么特别的诀窍,最重要还是在于自己的坚持和努力!
注意事项考研英语的复习历来是考研复习的关键,很多同学因为英语不能过关而与研究生生活失之交臂。笔者结合多年的教学经验和的广大同学的实际备考情况,建议大家应在复习时做好如下的几项工作:
① 将词汇进行到底 词汇是基石。词汇量积累的多少非常影响考生在做题时的信心、心态、做题速度以及准确率。在我们做整张英语试卷的前70分的书面英语的理解时,尤其如此。有的同学可能会有这样的疑问:我在前一段的复习过程中单词已经背的差不多了,现在还再复习单词是不是有点浪费时间。
② 完型要多积累多练 完型填空的命题思路是“测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力,即在阅读理解基础上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力”。纵观01年改革以来的5套真题不难发现,完型填空总共20道题的考点集中在词汇辨析和连接词上。③ 阅读理解争取高分40分的大比重使阅读能力的测试成为重心所在,是决定考研英语成败的杠杆。这部分依然要非常重视真题,以虽然考过的这些文章不会再考,但这些体裁一直在反复出现,每年的新文章也不过还是历年词汇的重新排列组合而已。
④ 抓住真题提高翻译准确性 翻译题是在一篇400字左右的概念或结构较复杂的短文中给出5个划线的句子,要求考生完整、通顺地将划线部分的句子译为汉语。此题主要是考查考生的词汇量,语法知识,阅读理解能力和汉语表达的综合运用技巧。
⑤ 阅读新题型注意方法这类试题具有以下几个特征:一是,所选择的文章;逻辑性强,结构紧密;二是要求补充的句子往往较长,理解起来有一定的难度;三是,要求补充的句子通常仅次位于段首或段末,在文章中发挥承上启下的作用。
⑥ 关注图表和图画写作写作部分非常强调对考生基本协作素质、基础写作能力的测试,很多考生即使是阅读能力练到很强的程度,写出的作文也非常差,这在语言学上就是著名的理解力和产出力的差异。所以要像做阅读一样多练才行。当然,这一部分更加强调应试策略。A节 应用短文写作
根据所给情景写出一篇应用性短文,包括“信件、便笺 、备忘录等”,约100词(标点符号不计算在内),尽管大纲样题中列出的内容为写信向书店购书,内容上很容易把握,我们还是需要了解掌握各种各样的书信作文。可以分为:辞职信、求职信、投诉信、感谢信、申请信、建议信、安排信、咨询信、通知信、订购信和退货信。了解格式是应用文写作的最起码要求。不用考虑书写属于齐头式还是缩进式。但最基本的Dear XXX,以及Yours sincerely还是需要一步到位。
除外,要想在18分钟左右写好一篇既定情景的应用短文,这既需要具有英语言文字运用的各种基本功,又需要有根据给定情景迅速构文的能力。因此,考生对这一部分应给予足够的重视,在复习过程中要针对应用文写作做至少10篇左右的专项练习。
B节 短文写作
按照历年考查的趋势,为了使写作能够尽量拉开分数档次,图画作文已经成为主流题型,连续考查了6次,分别是1998年的“如此承诺”,2000年的“世界商业捕鱼简史”,2001年的“爱心是一盏灯”,2002年的“民族文化与世界文化”,2003年的“温室中的花朵经不起风雨”,2004年的“终点又是新的起点”,2005年的“养老足球赛”,主题变化多样,考法
越来越成熟。
由于每年的大纲样题对考试都起到一种指导暗示作用,今年刚颁布的大纲样题又是图画作文,基本在预料之中,因此我们在复习中,依然要把图画作文作为重点。图画作文在命题上可以采取三维立体式,即提纲+图画+情景说明的组合,需要在审题和创作时面面俱到。在图画构造上又可以采取两图对比式,如2000和2003年考题。但万变不离其宗,语言第一位,结构第二位,内容第三位。写作推荐用书:王建华王林编著的《写作160篇》,目前是话题类最全的一本,也是开山之作。
值得一提的是,虽然熟读甚至背诵不同类型的范文总是必要的,但一定要有对比意识,不要写出自以为很牛但对手们也都会的危险作文
新东方强力推荐十大必背范文
新东方强力推荐十大必背范文,抓紧啦,时间不多哦
1、致辞:
Directions: Write a speech on the opening of a conference of no less than 120 words. In your speech, you should:1、进行自我介绍,2、详细介绍大会内容,
3、结束语。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing! To begin with, I would like to make a brief introduction to myself. I am the president of Motorola (China) Electronics Ltd.
The following is my introduction to the conference. First, it is my great honor to be here with all of you and declare open the Conference of International Trade Cooperation. Second, on behalf of our company, I would like to express my heartfelt welcome to all the guests and delegates. Last, I believe our cooperative efforts are sure to be productive.
I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this conference and hope the above information will help you. If you have any question for me, please feel free to ask at any time. Thank you for your attention.
2、求职信/求学信:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter applying for a position of a company. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1、申请职位,2、简要介绍自己的情况,3、期待回信。
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am senior from the Department of Business Administration of Beijing
University. I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for admission into your esteemed institution/your recently advertised position for a staff member.
I am sure that I am qualified for it. First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and work experience.
Second, not only do my qualifications and experience make me a perfect candidate for it, my cheerful personality is well suited to studying in your prestigious university/working as a staff member. Last, my hobbies include sports and music.
Words fail me when I try to express my heartfelt gratitude to the help you rendered me. Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
3、邀请信:
Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party. Write an invitation letter to them individually:1、邀请参加晚会,2、说明举办晚会的原因,3、将安排哪些活动。
Dear Wangcai,
I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr. Old Fish’s wedding ceremony with Ms. Fujiwora to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m. on April 1, 2007.
As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy. The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony. This will be followed by a dinner party. At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.
If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
4、个人简历:
Directions: Write of resume of yourself of no less than 120 words. In it, you should:1、说明姓名、地址、联系方式、求职目标,2、教育背景、工作经历、资历,3、所获奖励、特长,以及个人资料。
RESUME
Li Ming
P. O. Box 237, Beijing University
5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871
Tel: 62768888 Email: liming@163.com
Career Objective: A position with management potential in the
banking business specializing in international corporate financing
Educational Background:
Sept 2003 toBeijing University
July 2007Major in International Business Management
Main courses include English,
computer,Business Management, Accounting, International Commercial Law Work Experience:
July 2006 toBank of China
June 2007Internship, Secretary to Deputy Manager of MarketingDraft business correspondence
Schedule deputy manager’s appointments
Qualifications:University graduation certificate and
bachelordegree to be conferred upon graduation (2007)College English Test Band 4June 2005
Honors & Awards:Twice awarded scholarship by Beijing
University2005& 2006
Special Skills:Familiarity with Microsoft Word, Excel
Ability to work independently
Outstanding Organizational skills
Experience:President of Student Union2003-present
Personal Data:Date of Birth: Sep. 17, 1984
Gender: Female
Marital Status: Unmarried
5、告示:
Directions: The Students’ Union of your department is planning a Chinese Speaking Contest. Write an announcement which covers the following
information:1、比赛目的、时间、地点,2、参赛者的要求,3、裁判和奖励的细节。
You should write about 120 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of
the letter. Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement.
Chinese Speaking Contest
December 22, 2007
To improve students’ ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities, the Students’ Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is
organizing a school-wide Chinese speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week (29 December) at the Students’ Auditorium. Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week. Five professors will be invited to be judges. The first six winners will be given awards. Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.
The Students’ Union
Department of Chinese Language and Literature
6、就业:
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Jobs for Graduates. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1、大学生难找工作,2、原因很多,3、解决的办法。
Job hunting has always been a headache for college students. Though many graduates are employed right after graduation, some are not. Most serious of all, some still have no idea where to go working even a long time after graduation.
The reasons for this phenomenon are various. On the one hand, a few years ago colleges and universities enrolled so many students in popular majors, such as economy, finance and so on that the number of graduates was greater than the need in the market. On the other hand, most graduates would rather stay in large cities without suitable job to do than go to the country.
I reckon this problem can be solved if both colleges and students take
measures. First, they should research the market and develop special skills to suit its need. Second, students’ attitude towards employment should be
changed. They should go to small cities and country. There they can also give full play to their professional knowledge. In a word, if we pay much attention, the situation can be improved.
7、考试:
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Examinations. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1、大学都用考试来衡量学生的成绩,2、考生可能带来的副作用,3、我对考试的看法。
In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject. Although it does the job quite efficiently, its side effects are also enormous.
To begin with, examinations lower the standards of teaching. Since teachers are often judged by examination results, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques. No subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached with intent to take examinations. In addition, the most undesirable effect is that examinations encourage bad study habits. As the examination score is the only criterion for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather than to think creatively.
In fact, few of us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development. If that is the case, why cannot we make a change and devise something more efficient and reliable than examinations?
8、读后感:
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Favorite Novel. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1、我最喜爱的小说,2、该小说的内容,3、我为什么喜爱。
My favorite novel is Around the World in Eighty Days which is written by Jules Verne. The author was born in France and devoted himself to literature and wrote several scientific romances, which gained him the name——Father of Modern Science Fiction.
This is a book of science fiction which tells us an exciting story about an English gentleman, Mr. Phileas Fogg, who makes a bet with his clubmates and manages to travel around the world in eighty days. It gives us a vivid
description of the many difficulties and incidents which happen on his journey.
From this story, we can see the author’s deep love for the sea, travel and adventure, which played a vital role in his life. We are also astonished and convinced by his fertile imagination and scientific and geographical knowledge.
9、难忘的人:
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The most unforgettable Person I ever Know. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1、我生活中最难忘的人是,2、为什么他(或她)令我难以忘怀,3、结论。
In my life I have met a great many people who are really worth recalling. But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever know is my English teacher.
What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities. First and foremost, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer—an awakening of a passion for learning. He not only led us to an
appreciation of the beauty and perfection of English language and literature, but also aroused our great interest in exploring something deeper in this field. Furthermore, I was attracted by his lively wit. I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered, never failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs.
Although it is nearly two years since I attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.
10、论说文框架:
Owing to the speedy economic development, the number of people who…has considerably increased/declined. It is universally acknowledged that … plays a crucial role in modern society.
Due attention has to be paid to the issue of…. With the reform and opening-
up in recent decades,people in mounting numbers have come to realize the significance of …. If we let this situation continue as it is, we do not know where humans will be in the forthcoming future.
Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. To begin with, we should appeal to the authorities to make strict laws to …. In addition, we should cultivate the awareness of people that … is essential to us. Only in this way can we reverse this disturbing trend illustrated above.
一年来,甬江街道爱卫会在街道党工委、办事处的正确领导下,深入贯彻落实区委七届八次会议和区委、区政府《关于深入贯彻落实科学发展观扎实推进新一轮全国文明城市创建活动的决定》精神,紧密结合“开展‘三思三创’建设‘三区三城’”主题教育实践活动和文明城市“三连冠”,立足街道实际,开展“城市形象提升”、“城市管理提升”两大行动,对薄弱环节进行专项整治,在各行政村、企业的配合和支持,爱卫工作取得了良好成效,甬江街道的城市形象得到进一步提升,城市管理得到进一步完善,群众整体素质得到进一步提高。具体工作总结如下:
一、加强领导,落实责任
今年年初,街道街道领导班子即召开爱国卫生工作专项会议,研究部署甬江街道2011年爱国卫生工作和第二十三个爱国卫生月活动。会后,街道爱卫会在辖区范围内进行了力量充实,各村、各单位也成立了爱国卫生工作领导小组,由各单位、村分管领导负责,实行层层责任制,一级抓一级,一级促一级。
二、多种渠道宣传爱国知识, 注重健康教育内容
(一)多种渠道宣传,形成全民共识
街道爱卫办认真贯彻落实上级指示精神,大力宣传爱国卫生知识、文明城市“三连冠”和第二十三个爱国卫生月活动。街道和各行政村、企事业单位利用横幅、标语、黑板报、宣传栏(窗)、各种图片大力宣传《宁波市爱国卫生条例》,预防和控制病媒生物传播的知识,让群众更多地知道卫生和健康知识,做到家喻户晓,人人皆知。
(二)注重健康教育内容,提高群众健康意识
为加强对街道广大群众健康教育,提高健康水平,改变不卫生行为,增强自我保健意识,让街道群众的卫生观念在潜移默化中升华,进一步激发广大居民积极参与文明创建活动的积极性,我们开展了以下几项工作活动:街道爱卫办认真贯彻落实上级指示精神,大力宣传《宁波市爱国卫生条例》颁布施行三周年的宣传活动,大力宣传《宁波市爱国卫生条例》,预防和控制病媒生物传播的知识,农民健康教育,农民健康教育,中国公民健康66条、健康素养、爱滋病、公共场所禁烟,中国公民健康营养学内容等等,让群众更多地知道卫生和健康知识,力求达到家喻户晓,人人皆知的宣传效果。
三、以爱国卫生月和文明城市“三连冠”为契机,全面推进爱卫工作
(一)加强重点区域整治力度
一、常洪区域专项整治。街道共投入60多万元,对329国道两旁甬江管辖区域内的绿化养护、低洼地、排污设施等进行集中整治,同时协助交警、公安、城管等部门加强对该区域乱停车、乱设摊、跨门占道经营的巡查治理工作。二、沿路沿线专项整治。街道重点对辖区环城北路、倪家堰路、梅堰路、宁镇公路等重点道路进行乱停车、乱设摊集中整治,共整治马路市场5处,取缔无证摊贩200位,做到定点、定时、统一规范有序的管理,确保了道路行车、行人安全通行。此外,对主要道路两侧、人口聚集区域,全面进行墙面宣传广告的制作,共粉刷墙面广告5万多平方米,广告画200多幅。三、建设拆迁区域专项整治。重点是做好街道在建安置房建设工地与湾头、北高教园区拆迁区域的建筑垃圾清运工作和圈围工作,累计投入经费20多万元,突击清理偷倒垃圾、渣土、装璜垃圾,共计清理各类垃圾145车800余吨。对拆迁区域主要道路两侧、重点区块修建围墙2000多米,使道路两侧的环境面貌得到了较大变化。同时利用拆迁的有利时机,着重加大对违章建筑的查拆力度,共查处违章建筑24处,拆除建筑面积5519平方米。四、河道、主道沿线整治。河道砌石670米,疏挖河道2108米,河岸绿化1000平方米。主道沿线两侧绿化350平方米、两侧美化1030平方米。
(二)抓好村庄环境整体提升。街道成立了农村环境整治工作组,充实队伍。原有保洁队伍122人,新增9人,年人均受训次数122次。重点将破烂王、茶水房和乱堆放、乱搭建
整治作为难点攻克对象予以整治。共整治和规范破烂王、茶水房58余家,通过专项整治,基本达到了预期目标。清理垃圾乱堆、乱放610处。完成村内明沟改造1906米清除村庄立面乱涂贴2150处,村庄立面美化15750平方米。完成闲杂空地整治18处,整治面积2480平方米。对各行政村的村庄周边、房前屋后,道路两侧、背街小弄等地段的卫生死角,共清理330多处,清运垃圾渣土868吨。完成畜禽养殖整治15家,截至目前,已拆除养鸭户2户,约15000平方米;另外1户8000多只也签订了拆迁协议,还有4户10000以上养殖户正在协商中;孔浦、压赛3户养猪户也在协商阶段中。生活污水集中处理村从原有的8个增加到现在的14个。
(三)加快环卫基础设施建设。街道为了全面改善环境卫生基础设施,配套出台了各项补助政策,对各村道路基础设施进行维修和保养,并按标准规范化落实卫生设施的配备和管理,对村排水、排污系统的改造计划等方面进行补助,调动各村基础设施建设的积极性。今年累计投入150多万元资金,对各村不符合标准要求的公厕、垃圾箱(亭),环卫设施布局不合理的老、旧、破等影响美观的设施进行了重新建造和维修工作。改造维修垃圾房175座,新建垃圾房11座,新购垃圾桶540只;清除露天粪岗4座,改造公厕86座,新建公厕2座;新购电动环保车1辆,垃圾桶500只,改变了原来人力三轮车清运垃圾,实现了垃圾清运机械化。此外,又投入经费20万元,对主要2条道路进行全面修补,累计修补道路2000多米。
(四)完善督察反馈工作机制。成立了综合宣传督查工作组。设立30万元环境整治专项考核基金,与村干部考核奖金挂钩。同时街道强化了环境卫生督察力度,成立三支应急分队,在考核过程中,发现问题随时进行突击性应急处理,预防出现卫生死角,并对重点地段加强人员配备,增加保洁力量,防止网格化管理脱节现象。与此同时,街道对于上级部门曝光的问题建立了快速响应机制,力求在发现问题的当天予以解决。活动开展以来,累计完成各类督办的近200张脏、乱、差曝光地点的整改工作。
(五)做好辖区内“除四害”工作.街道爱卫办全力做好除四害药物的订购和发放工作,累计投入三万多元购买了飞彪缓释剂、安备、塔牌烟炮、环卫箭、奋斗呐、飞彪乳油、捕蝇笼等十多种药物,总重量超过300千克,此外,还准备了灭蟑颗粒剂、灭蟑药水、灭蟑胶饵、灭蟑方便贴、粘蟑纸等各类灭蟑螂药物100多千克,并分发到各片区。同时,对各村除四害专职人员进行技术指导,从四害的生活习性、灭杀药物的功能、杀灭的方法、用药安全等一一进行了详细的讲解说明,进一步提高灭杀队伍的专业水平。除“四害”工作,采取市场化的运作模式,由街道出资40万元聘请宁波康龙专业消杀公司负责全部15个行政村的“四害”消杀工作。该公司组织8名除四害专业人员,对15个村范围内的居民区、办公楼、集贸市场以及150平方米以下五小单位等区域进行灭鼠颗粒毒饵(大隆鼠药及杀它仗)的全面投放,采用一次饱和投药法和残存鼠配制特殊毒饵专门投药相结合的方法,并配以鼠夹、鼠笼,粘鼠板等物理器械灭鼠,防止药物污染。经过各方面努力,街道春、夏、秋三季“除四害”工作取得了良好效果,为辖区群众创造了一个洁净舒适的生活环境。
四、存在的问题和下一步工作展望
今年街道环境整治工作,投入了大量资金、人力、物力,整治力度大、效果好,圆满完成了第二十三个爱国卫生月活动和文明城市“三连冠”工作任务,辖区生活环境进一步优化。虽然一年来街道在环境整治方面做了大量工作,但还是存在一些不足。一、主要路段乱停车和乱设摊反弹较快。街道辖区主要路段如宁镇公路路林段、梅堰路庙跟段和河东农贸路等都存在这样的问题,集中整治后能够维持一段时间,但是反弹较快。二、行政村与自然村卫生水平不平衡。一些行政村虽然总体卫生较好,但较偏远自然村卫生状况不佳。三是曝光问题整改力度不够大。部分村干部对环境整治工作重视度不够,对区和街道曝光的环境问题整改的力度不够大、动作不够快。
针对这些问题,今后街道爱卫办工作要重点从如下几方面入手。第一,加大重点区域环境整治力度,特别是加强重点部位、重点地段(破烂王、茶水房、养殖场、乱堆放、不符合标准的垃圾房等)的整治。第二,加强网格化管理和督察力度。曝光督查力度不减,将暴露的问题及时反馈到联片领导、联村干部和各行政村。并严格要求在规定时限内整改完毕。第三,完善环境整治资金管理体制。加大环境整治方面的资金投入,提高资金的使用效率,确保专项资金的安全规范运作。
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